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1 complex organization
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2 complex organization
структурная организация; социальная система человеческой активности.* * *структурная организация; социальная система человеческой активности.комплексная организация; формальная организация разнородных социальных структур. -
3 complex organization
Макаров: сложный организм -
4 complex organization
sarežģīts organisms -
5 complex organization
s.organización compleja. -
6 organization
1. n организация; приведение в систему2. n устройство, формирование, организацияu.n. organization — Организация Объединенных Наций
3. n объединение, организация4. n организм; структура5. n биол. превращение в живую ткань, в органическое телоhe was the mainstay of the organization — он был оплотом организации, на нём держалась вся организация
6. n воен. соединение, часть7. n воен. боевое распределение, группировка8. n воен. амер. избрание главных должностных лиц и комиссий конгресса9. n воен. амер. партийный аппаратСинонимический ряд:1. design (noun) construction; creation; design; disposition; form; grouping; schematization; structure2. formulation (noun) alignment; classification; coordination; correlation; formulation; method; plan; standardization; systematization3. order (noun) association; club; confederation; congress; establishment; federation; fellowship; fraternity; group; guild; league; order; organisation; society; union -
7 organization
[͵ɔ:gənaıʹzeıʃ(ə)n] n1. организация; приведение в систему2. устройство, формирование, организация3. объединение, организация4. организм; структураa tree is an organization of roots, trunk, branches, leaves, and fruit - дерево состоит из корней, ствола, ветвей, листьев и плодов
5. биол. превращение в живую ткань, в органическое тело6. воен.1) соединение, часть2) боевое распределение, группировкаorganization for combat - а) распределение для боя; б) оборудование местности
7. амер. избрание главных должностных лиц и комиссий конгресса8. амер. партийный аппарат -
8 organization
n1. организация; приведенные в систему элементы взаимодействия;2. процесс формирования сложной системы, в которой структурно различные элементы функционально взаимосвязаны;3. объединение людей, действующих совместно ради достижения конкретной цели на основе сложившихся норм и принципов.* * *сущ.1) организация; приведенные в систему элементы взаимодействия;2) процесс формирования сложной системы, в которой структурно различные элементы функционально взаимосвязаны;3) объединение людей, действующих совместно ради достижения конкретной цели на основе сложившихся норм и принципов. -
9 organization
n1) організація; систематизація2) заснування, формування3) об'єднання, організаціяUnited Nations O. (U.N.O.) — Організація Об'єднаних Націй (ООН)
4) організм; структура5) біол. перетворення на живу тканину (на органічне тіло)6) військ. з'єднання, частина; угруповання7) амер. обрання головних посадових осіб і комісій конгресу8) амер. партійний апаратO. Man — знев. організатор, адміністратор, керівник-бюрократ
* * *n1) організація; приведення в систему2) формування, організація, утворення3) об'єднання, організація4) організм; структура5) бioл. перетворення в живу тканину, в органічне тіло6) вiйcьк. об'єднання, частина; бойове угруповання7) aмep. обрання головних посадових осіб, комісій конгресу8) aмep. партійний апарат -
10 organization
ˌɔ:ɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən сущ.
1) организация, устройство, формирование
2) организация, структура;
организм a few plants of low organisation ≈ несколько низко-организованных растений
3) организация (административная и функциональная структура) to establish, form an organization ≈ создавать организацию to disband, dissolve an organization ≈ распускать организацию charitable organization, philanthropic organization ≈ благотворительная организация nonprofit organization, not-for-profit (AE) organization ≈ некоммерческая организация profit-making organization, proprietary organization ≈ коммерческая организация state organization ≈ государственная организация UN organization ≈ организация Объединенных наций youth organization ≈ молодежная организация организация;
приведение в систему устройство, формирование, организация;
- the * of a new club организация нового клуба;
- the * of a new goverment формирование нового правительства объединение, организация;
- mass * массовая организация;
- industrial * промышленное предприятие;
- United Nations O. (UNO) Организация Объединенных Наций;
- non-governmental * неправительственная организация организм;
структура;
- complex * сложный организм;
- delicate * хрупкое сложение;
- the * of human body строение человеческого тела;
- a tree is an * of roots, trunk, branches, leaves and fruit дерево состоит из корней, ствола, ветвей, листьев и плодов (биология) превращение в живую ткань, в органическое тело( военное) соединение, часть( военное) боевое распределение, группировка;
- * for combat распределение для боя;
оборудование местности;
- * in depth эшелонирование обороны в глубину (американизм) избрание главных должностных лиц и комиссий конгресса (американизм) партийный аппарат agricultural ~ сельскохозяйственная организация atomized ~ организация с разветвленной сетью мелких организаций banking ~ организационная структура банка banking system ~ организационная структура банковской системы bargaining ~ организация, ведущая торги branch ~ дочерняя организация broadcasting ~ организация радиовещания central ~ центральная организация civic ~ благотворительная организация civic ~ гражданская организация commercial ~ торговая организация organization: constituency ~ объединение избирателей data ~ вчт. организация данных distributing ~ распределительная организация distributing ~ распределительная структура employers' ~ организация работодателей environmental ~ экологическая организация field sales ~ торговый аппарат фирмы file ~ вчт. организация файла foreign trade ~ внешнеторговая организация free trade ~ организация свободной торговли government ~ организационная структура правительства humanitarian ~ гуманитарная организация industrial ~ промышленное предприятие labour ~ организация по трудоустройству labour ~ организация труда line ~ линейная организация local party ~ местная партийная организация logical ~ вчт. логическая схема market ~ структура рынка marketing ~ сбытовая организация member ~ членская организация merchandising ~ торговая организация nongovernmental ~ (NGO) неправительственная организация nonprofit ~ бесприбыльная организация nonprofit ~ некоммерческая организация office ~ организационная структура учреждения operating ~ эксплуатирующая организация organization амер. избрание главных должностных лиц и комиссии конгресса ~ избрание главных должностных лиц и комиссий конгресса (в США) ~ избрание главных должностных лиц и комиссий конгресса (США) ~ объединение ~ организационная структура ~ организационный ~ организация ~ организм ~ амер. партийный аппарат ~ приведение в систему ~ структура ~ устройство ~ устройство;
формирование, организация ~ формирование Organization: Organization: Common Market ~, CMO Европейское экономическое сообщество organization: organization: constituency ~ объединение избирателей ~ attr. организационный paramilitary ~ военизированная организация party ~ партийная организация party: ~ membership партийность, принадлежность к партии;
party organization партийная организация payments ~ структура платежей peace ~ миротворческая организация political ~ политическая организация principal ~ основная организация producer ~ организация производителей professional ~ профессиональная организация relief ~ организация, оказывающая помощь sales ~ организация по сбыту sales ~ торговая организация sales ~ торговый аппарат фирмы shipping ~ транспортная организация sister ~ родственная организация specialized ~ специализированная организация staff ~ организационная схема подчиненности standardization ~ организация по стандартизации trade ~ отраслевая организация trade ~ торговая организация trade ~ торгово-промышленная организация trade union ~ профсоюзная организация umbrella ~ организация-прикрытие voluntary ~ добровольная организация women's ~ женская организация work ~ организация труда worldwide ~ всемирная организация youth ~ молодежная организацияБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > organization
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11 organization chart
Gen Mgta graphic illustration of an organization’s structure, showing hierarchical authority and relationships between departments and jobs. The horizontal dimension of an organization chart shows the nature of job function and responsibility and the vertical dimension shows how jobs are coordinated in reporting or authority relationships. Some charts include managers’ names, others only job titles. Organization charts are widely used to bring order and clarity to the way the organization is structured. Despite this, they reflect little of the way organizations actually work and can appear complex, especially in highly bureaucratic organizations. The first recorded organization chart was produced in the United States by David C. McCallum for the New York and Erie Railroad. -
12 complex adaptive system
Gen Mgta system that overrides conventional human controls because those controls will subdue inevitable change and development within that system. Complex adaptive systems are a product of the application of chaos theory (see chaos) and complexity theory to the world of organizations. According to writers such as Richard Pascale, organizations that are subject to too much control are at risk of failure. The bureaucracy has been cited as an example of extreme control and the top down approach to management. However, if a bureaucracy is left to adapt naturally, it could become capable of self-organization and of creating new methods of operating. -
13 organization, complex
комплексная организация; формальная организация разнородных социальных структур. -
14 organization of the public utility complex
Общая лексика: организация коммунального комплексаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > organization of the public utility complex
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15 organization-technological complex
English-Russian mining dictionary > organization-technological complex
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16 Perrow, Charles B.
перс.соц. Перроу, Чарлз (американский социолог, исследователь вопросов развития бюрократии, автор классификации технологий, основанной на соединении методов изготовления продукта, принятия решений и учете влияния социальной структуры)See: -
17 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
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18 CSO
1) Общая лексика: организация гражданского общества (Civil Society Organization), организация гражданского сектора (citizen sector organization), Chief Scientific Officer - научный руководитель компании, Central Statistics Office2) Компьютерная техника: Computer Systems Operation4) Американизм: Contract Standing Order5) Военный термин: Chief Signal Officer, Chief Signals Officer, Closely- Spaced Object, Communications Service Order, chief staff officer, chief supply officer, clothing supply office, command security officer, command signals officer, communications standing order, complex safety officer, cross-service order, КСДЛ, Комитет старших должностных лиц, Civil Support Operation6) Техника: commanding signal officer, country safety officer7) Сельское хозяйство: Cotton Seed Oil8) Химия: Correct Solution Only9) Религия: Christian Science Organization10) Железнодорожный термин: Connecticut Southern Railroad11) Экономика: ( customer service operations) операции обслуживания заказчиков, ООЗ12) Музыка: Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra13) Сокращение: Central Services Organization, Central Statistical Office, Chief Signal Officer (UK), Chief Staff Officer (Engineering; E), Chief Staff Officer, Reserves (UK Royal Navy), Command Signals Officer (UK Royal Air Force), Ceramic Small Outline package, Color Separation Overlay, credit spread option14) Университет: Correct Solutions Only15) Вычислительная техника: Central Services Organizations16) Экология: combined sewer overflow17) Образование: Community School Organization18) Инвестиции: clearance and settlement organization19) Сетевые технологии: Computing Services Office, компьютерный сервисный комплекс20) Нефть и газ: опломбирован в открытом состоянии (Car Sealed Open)21) МИД: Committee of Senior Officials22) Общественная организация: Civil Society Organisation, Community Services of Oakland County, Michigan23) Должность: Customer Support Officer, Руководитель отдела безопасности (CSO( англ. Chief Security Officer) — руководитель отдела безопасности, (главный) директор по безопасности организации. - http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSO) -
19 cso
1) Общая лексика: организация гражданского общества (Civil Society Organization), организация гражданского сектора (citizen sector organization), Chief Scientific Officer - научный руководитель компании, Central Statistics Office2) Компьютерная техника: Computer Systems Operation4) Американизм: Contract Standing Order5) Военный термин: Chief Signal Officer, Chief Signals Officer, Closely- Spaced Object, Communications Service Order, chief staff officer, chief supply officer, clothing supply office, command security officer, command signals officer, communications standing order, complex safety officer, cross-service order, КСДЛ, Комитет старших должностных лиц, Civil Support Operation6) Техника: commanding signal officer, country safety officer7) Сельское хозяйство: Cotton Seed Oil8) Химия: Correct Solution Only9) Религия: Christian Science Organization10) Железнодорожный термин: Connecticut Southern Railroad11) Экономика: ( customer service operations) операции обслуживания заказчиков, ООЗ12) Музыка: Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra13) Сокращение: Central Services Organization, Central Statistical Office, Chief Signal Officer (UK), Chief Staff Officer (Engineering; E), Chief Staff Officer, Reserves (UK Royal Navy), Command Signals Officer (UK Royal Air Force), Ceramic Small Outline package, Color Separation Overlay, credit spread option14) Университет: Correct Solutions Only15) Вычислительная техника: Central Services Organizations16) Экология: combined sewer overflow17) Образование: Community School Organization18) Инвестиции: clearance and settlement organization19) Сетевые технологии: Computing Services Office, компьютерный сервисный комплекс20) Нефть и газ: опломбирован в открытом состоянии (Car Sealed Open)21) МИД: Committee of Senior Officials22) Общественная организация: Civil Society Organisation, Community Services of Oakland County, Michigan23) Должность: Customer Support Officer, Руководитель отдела безопасности (CSO (англ. Chief Security Officer) — руководитель отдела безопасности, (главный) директор по безопасности организации. - http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSO) -
20 CCC
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Category Cytology And Cytogenetics, контроль, управление и связь (Command, Control and Communications)4) Американизм: Credibility, Confidence, and Contracts6) Военный термин: CARDA Control Center, Calm Cool And Collected, Chaos To Control To Conquer, Civilian Credit Corps, Consolidated Command Center, Cool Calm Collective, Crisis Coordination Center, ceasefire control commission, central computer center, central computer complex, classified control clerk, combat control center, combined coordinating committee, command and control center, command control console, command, control, and communications, communications center console, communications control center, communications control console, complex control center, component change control, Corps Computer Centers (TOS)7) Психиатрия: Citrated calcium carbamide8) Техника: Charming China Cheapie, capacitor-coupled clamp, cause-consequence chart, chlorocholine chloride, closed-cycle cooler, command control center, common control circuit, communications channel capacity, computer communications console, computer communications converter, controller checkout console, cross-current conductance, cyclic check character, cycocel( 2-chloroethyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride9) Сельское хозяйство: chlorcholine chloride10) Химия: Computer Controlled Combustion11) Религия: Calvary Community Church, Campus Christian Center, Campus Crusade For Christ, Catholic Curriculum Consortium, Christian City Church, Colorado Community Church, Contemporary Christian Center, Канадский Совет Церквей12) Юридический термин: Canadian Criminal Cases13) Бухгалтерия: Credit Card Cheque14) Страхование: care, custody and control15) Автомобильный термин: converter clutch control, computer command control system (GM)16) Грубое выражение: Cant Condone Cocks17) Телекоммуникации: Clear Channel Capability, Вызов с использованием кредитной карты18) Сокращение: CINC Command Complex, Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Canadian Commercial Corporation, Canadian Committee on Cataloging, Central Criminal Court, Christ Church College, Civil(ian) Conservation Corps, Classification Currents Communicator (newsletter), Combat Control Centre, Combustible Cartridge Case, Combustible Case Charge, Combustible Charge Container, Commercial Credit Corporation, Communications Control Centre, Contemporary Culture Convention, Corporate Customer Contact, Corpus Christi College, Crisis Co-ordination Center (US Secretary of Defense), Customs Cooperation Council, Concourse Computer Center (MIT), Command, Control, and Communications (sometimes C^3)19) Театр: Creation Counter Creation20) Университет: Campus Computing Center, Campus Computing Clowns, Coast Community College, College Credit Certificate, Cook County College21) Физиология: Certificate Of Clinical Competence, Certificate Of Clinical Competency, Cognitive Complexity And Control, Counselling Code Of Conduct, Counting Carbs And Calories22) Электроника: Ceramic chip carrier, Circuit Cross Connect, Convert Character Code23) Вычислительная техника: Computer Control Center, Copyright Clearance Center, Центр по проверке авторских прав США, Cube Connected Cycles (MP), Chaos Computer Club (organization)24) Нефть: карта причин и последствий (отказов; cause-consequence chart)25) Генетика: ковалентно замкнутое кольцо (двухцепочечная молекула ДНК, не имеющая свободных концов; полная "замкнутость" CCC сохраняется даже после денатурации, в нативной форме CCC может быть суперскрученым), covalently closed circle26) Офтальмология: капсулорексис (capsulorrhexis)27) Космонавтика: consolidated control center (объединенный центр управления)28) Картография: Civil Conservation Corps29) Банковское дело: Корпорация подтоварного кредита (в США; Commodity Credit Corporation), безналичные расчёты между провинциальными банками (country check clearing)30) Транспорт: Camaro Custom Club, Cargo Carrying Capacity, Choice Capacity Class, Classic Contemporary And Custom, Climb Climb Climb, Culinary Catalytic Converter31) Пищевая промышленность: Chocolate And Cheap Champagne, Chu Chin Chow, Crispy Carmel Cookies32) Фирменный знак: Canadian Cloning Corporation, Capitol City Center, Cards Convention Center, Caribbean Casino Corporation, Caribbean Conservation Corporation, Carlton Chain Company, Certified Collateral Corporation, Clear Channel Communications, Computer Curriculum Corporation, Consolidated Construction Company, Consolidated Contractors Company, Continental Can Company35) Деловая лексика: Compliment Comment Or Complaint, Corporate Client Council, Customer Competence Center, Customer Contact Center36) SAP. (Customer Competence Center) ЦКК (Центр компетенции клиента)37) Менеджмент: current contract contingency38) Образование: Can Can Can, Chinese Compulsory Certification39) Инвестиции: Commodity Credit Corporation, country check clearing40) Сетевые технологии: cache coherency check, контроль когерентности кэша41) Программирование: Carriage Control Character42) Сахалин Ю: compressor controls corporation43) Химическое оружие: Central Control Console44) Расширение файла: Central Computational Computer, Computer Control Complex, Curtain Call native format Bitmap graphics45) SAP.тех. центр компетенции клиента46) Нефть и газ: Customer Competence Center (ТНК-BP), Change Control Committee47) Военно-политический термин: Capabilities Coordination Cell48) Аварийное восстановление: customer control center49) Фантастика Cosmic Camel Corps50) Общественная организация: Cache Creek Conservancy, Civilian Crop Conservationists, Consortium Of Collective Consciousness52) NYSE. Calgon Carbon Corporation53) Программное обеспечение: Clipper To C Compiler54) Хобби: Country Cooking Club
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См. также в других словарях:
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